"Simulacra and Simulation" breaks the sign-order into 4 stages:
1. The first stage is a faithful image/copy.
2. The second stage is perversion of reality.
3. The third stage masks the absence of a profound reality.
4. The fourth stage is pure simulation.
Simulacra and Simulation identifies three types of simulacra and identifies each with a historical period:
1. Premodern period, where the image is clearly an artificial placemarker for the real item.
2. The modernity of the Industrial Revolution, where distinctions between image and reality break down due to the proliferation of mass-reproducible copies of items.
3. Postmodernity, where the simulacrum precedes the original and the distinction between reality and representation vanishes.
Additional Reading:
Jean Baudrillard: “Simulacra and Simulations”
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